ATP-driven transporters can be divided into three major classes: P-type ATPases; F-type or V-type ATPases and ATP-binding cassette transporters.
Similar thermodynamic schemes are likely to be valid for other ATP-driven transporters, e.g. P-type ATPase importers (Bublitz et al., 2011) or energy-coupling factor (ECF) importers (Xu et al., 2013).
For example, ATP-driven transporters include the compounds ATP, ADP and H2O as auxiliary substrates; these are not determined by parsing the annotation for substrate names, but are implied by the energy-coupling mechanism.
D-methionine transporter is an ATP-driven transport system that transports methionine.
As to types of transporters, the ABC type of ATP-driven multisubunit transporter is most common in the P. ingrahamii genome, as is the case for other bacteria.
ATP-driven MDR efflux transporters belong to the large ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters that include ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1) and ABCG2 (BCRP).
Among these are permeases, ion-, amino acid-, peptide- or sugar-binding transporters, or ATP-driven membrane transporters.
It was thought that CcmABC form a ATP-driven heme transporter, but this has since been disproven.
Several previous studies point to a critical role of the ATP-driven efflux transporter ABCC11 in these apocrine secretion processes 19, 20.
Recently, it has been suggested that P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is an ATP-driven efflux transporter that is highly expressed in the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium, is also involved in the clearance of A β from the brain.
For example, arabinose and galactose sugars can be imported by low affinity proton-driven MFS symporters or by high affinity ATP-driven ABC transporters, Fig. 4. Other relationships do not necessarily imply different transporter classes.
