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While a phased evaluation scheme allows for efficient, ethical research planning, in reality, it is not a rigid progression in medical testing or drug development.
Researchers have been involved in a phased evaluation of focal therapy over the last 5 yr, culminating in a number of published studies summarized in a recent systematic review [1].
The stepped wedge design is suitable for a phased evaluation approach, where the intervention is likely to do more good than harm, thus making it unethical to completely withhold the intervention from a control group, and/or where it is not possible to start delivery of the intervention to all participants at the same time [ 21].
We articulated a program theory to describe how Avahan's intervention spurs and supports the community mobilization process and how that process leads to enhanced HIV prevention outcomes and additional benefits, and then developed a phased evaluation plan to test this program theory (see Galavotti et al. [ 4] for further information on the program theory).
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We conducted a phased, prospective cohort evaluation with intention-to-treat analysis of adults with non-traumatic cardiac arrest.
We conducted a phased, prospective cohort evaluation with intention-to-treat analysis of adults with non-traumatic cardiac arrest conveyed to, or occurring in the ED.
In 2005, the Government of Rwanda adopted a national PBF program with a phased implementation plan, facilitating an evaluation by the government in partnership with the World Bank [ 8].
Presently, WHOPES has a four-phase evaluation: a) efficacy and human and environmental safety; b) small-scale field trials including non-target fauna and harmful effects on operators; c) medium- to large-scale field evaluations that include safety; and d) establishing specifications for formulations (Najera and Zaim 2001).
This is a two-arm pilot RCT with an embedded feasibility study that will be undertaken as a phased programme of work comprising intervention testing and feasibility work (phase 1) and a pilot trial with a process evaluation (phase 2).
To address this problem, this paper presents a two-phase evaluation framework involving usability experts (phase 1) and end-users (phase 2).
This study aims to develop a three-phase evaluation model incorporating fuzzy theory, value engineering and multi-criterion to find optimal strategies for product configuration change, so as to select suitable combination of parts suppliers.
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