Thinning of the phumdi in the Keibul Lamjao area has affected the habitat of the Sangai, and other aquafauna, avifauna and flora are on the decline; the 35 species (5 mammals, 3 birds, 9 reptiles, 3 amphibians, 12 fishes, 2 molluscs and 1 annelid) are reported to be disappearing gradually.
Experimental studies of magnetic field guided behavior have focused on migratory animals like birds (for review: [6], reptiles [11] or fish [12]), but evidence also exists from experiments with mammals (mole rat [13]; bat [14]) and several invertebrate species (crustaceans [15]; honey bees [16]; cockroaches [17]; marine molluscs [18]).
Indeed over the stretch of 120 amino acids shown, the addition of L. ellipitica, the temperate bivalve L. gigantea and three insects to the fish alignment [ 64] indicates that within this stretch alone, there are 11 putative invertebrate-specific substitutions, 3 substitutions specific to the insects and one restricted to the 2 mollusc species.
Multiple-X chromosomes occur widely in vertebrates and invertebrates, for example in monotremes (Platypus) [ 14], howler monkeys (Aloutta) [ 15], fishes [ 16], gastropod molluscs [ 17, 18], spiders [ 19], Lepidoptera [ 20] and several groups of Coleoptera [ 21- 24].
The remaining 16 species were drawn from the published literature; the overall taxonomic sampling was as follows: crustaceans (n = 21 spp ., molluscs (21 spp ., echinoderms (6 spp ., annelids (1 sp ., cnidarians (1 sp).
Phytolith Indicators of Plant Resource Use at Sheikh-e Abad and Jani Lisa-Marie Shillito and Sarah Elliottt) 17. Molluscs from Sheikh-e Abad and Jani (Lisa-Marie Shillito, with contributions from Janet Ridout-Sharpe and Martin Bell) 18. Heavy Residue Analysis from Sheikh-e Abad (Helen R. S. Williams) 19.
Scottish waters contain around 2,500 crustacean species and 700 molluscs and in 2012 a bed of 100 million flame shells was found during a survey of Loch Alsh.
A number of studies have now shown that underlying differences in diet can drive speciation in groups as diverse as birds [2], molluscs [3], fish [4] and mammals.
This gave us a dataset of 1712 species (243 fish, 91amphibians, 217 birds, 23 chelicerates, 63 crustaceans, 45 echinoderms, 462 insects, 146 reptiles, 304 mammals and 118 molluscs).
However, more recent phylogeographic [63] and range end-point analyses [64] have suggested that the Los Angeles Region and Monterey Bay Region, both of which have submerged canyons, are the more likely boundaries for fishes [63], molluscs [65], [66] and marine algae [67].
The NPFs have been found in platyhelminths [ 47, 48], molluscs [ 49, 50] and insects [ 51].
