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This suggests that noncoding sequences that are close to but not included in duplication events evolve more rapidly than noncoding sequences that are either 1) far away from duplication events or 2) duplicated alongside a gene.
It is important to identify duplicated code for the following reasons: (1) duplicated code hampers the introduction of changes, (2) duplicated code replicates and scatters the logic of a system, instead of grouping it into identifiable artifacts, and (3) Duplicated code creates a problem while maintaining multiple versions simultaneously, or merging different applications or versions.
(2) Duplicated exon hits on one contig/scaffold were removed.
Consistent with the hypotheses that 1) divergence between closely related species occurs through changes in gene regulation and 2) duplicated regions are enriched for genetic and functional divergence, we find a strong propensity for rapid sequence evolution in noncoding elements near duplicated genes.
The database analyses revealed that: 1) duplicated trappin multigenes were found recently in the nine-banded armadillo; 2) duplicated two trappin genes had been found in the Afrotherian species (elephant, tenrec, and hyrax) since ancient days; 3) a single trappin-2 gene was found in various eutherians species; and 4) no typical trappin gene has been found in chicken, zebra finch, and opossum.
Beta 2 duplicated a number of times, in a Pediculus ancestor (Phβ2a, b: 1.0), an Acyrthosiphon ancestor (Apβ2a-d: 1.0), and in a holometabolous ancestor that is not resolved but inferred by the presence of multiple β2 genes in these taxa (Amβ2b; Nvβ2b, c; Tcβ2b: (0.82)) and was followed by losses of the β2b and β2c products in most taxa (Figs. 1, 2).
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The reviewer removed 50 duplicated papers, leaving 350 papers for title and abstract-based selection.
As flow chart Fig. 1 illustrates, 556 duplicated records were identified and removed.
All duplicated synteny anchors were then distinguished except for {2} duplicated in NA and NB, {60, 61, 62} duplicated in NB, and {68} duplicated in Zea perennis.
Maximum five StNACs are located in duplicated segments on each chromosomes 6 and 8, followed by three StNACs on chromosome 3, and two StNACs on chromosome 2. Duplicated segments on chromosome 4, 7, 10, 11 and 12 each contains one StNAC.
CDK7 duplicated three times.
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