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More severe complications like iceball cracks (n = 2), biliary problems (n = 3) and kidney failure (n = 2) were only present in CSA patients.
No significant vascular complications were seen, and of the high-grade complications, bleeding (2), biliary complications (3) and DVT/PE (3) were the most common.
The causes of biliary obstruction were: bile duct carcinoma (n = 7), recurrent gastric carcinoma (n = 7), carcinoma of the pancreas (n = 5), gallbladder carcinoma (n = 3), bile duct stone (n = 2), biliary stenosis after liver transplantation (n = 2), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2), metastasis to the porta hepatis (n = 1), and primary peritoneal carcinoma (n = 1) (Table 1).
Patients were appraoched: in 62 (47.7%) cases by an exclusive medical treatment, in 42 (32.3%) by an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); in 25 (19.2%) by surgical procedures (18 cholecistectomy, 3 gastrojejunal anastomosis, 2 biliary digestive anastomosis, 1 total pancreasectomy); in one (0.8%) case a percutaneous biliary drainage was placed.
In conclusion, the main findings of this study are as follows: (1) ADMA is excreted in the bile, as we have documented for the first time, (2) biliary ADMA excretion increases after I/R, and (3) hepatic I/R injury is associated with an oxidative stress-independent alteration in DDAH activity.
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In patients with a final diagnosis of a benign stricture, 3/39 (gallstones n=1, PSC n=2) had biliary Mcm5 values greater than 1000 cells per well.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein; CEACAM1) is expressed in normal bladder urothelium and in angiogenically activated endothelial cells, where it exhibits proangiogenic properties.
The protection by DEX against trabectedin-mediated cytotoxicity may be attributed, in part, to enhanced Mrp2 biliary excretion and increased metabolism by CYP3A1/2.
Gene expression data, GSE34166, was downloaded from the GEO database, which contains 10 biliary stricture samples (4 benign control and 6 malignant carcinoma), for screening of key hub genes associated with the disease.
Open image in new window Fig. 24 Biliary fistula.
METHODS: We performed gene expression and CGH analysis on 34 biliary tract cancer specimens.
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