As a result, according to a 2009 UNDP study only 18% of disabled girls attend school in Solomon Islands, compared to 37% of non-disabled girls.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Changing profile of the Aral Sea 1960 2010 (UNDP 2007).
Apart from the environmental protection, it also demands the protection of biodiversity (see Barth [2011a]; Bhaskar [2010]; Le Monde diplomatique [2009], pp. 22 23, 72 73, 92 93; UNDP [2007]).
fThe area of educational challenges is based on a better education as a key for empowerment, equality of chances and new knowledge for sustainability and development (see, for example, OECD [2009]; O'Donnell [2004]; Sen [2007]; UNDP [2010]).
The ERF had components related to improving disaster governance that included capacity building of GOs and NGOs in disaster management, and policy and guideline formulation for emergency response and NGO coordination (UNDP 2011; UNDP et al. 2013).
Figure 2 Cumulative distribution of WS per pair of organizations in the co-citation network Table 1 Top ten organizations according to WS for the World Bank in the co-citation network Rank Organization WS 1 WHO 92.69 2 European Union 91.07 3 UNICEF 78.52 4 UNDP 69.99 5 USAID 58.23 6 IMF 56.66 7 UNF 53.71 8 AfDB 49.82 9 DfID 49.57 10 Gates Foundation 48.74.
For disaster risk reduction measures to be adapted and adhered to critical factors are community involvement (e.g. Cronin et al. [2004]; UNDP [2004]; Mercer et al. [2010]; Paton et al. [2008]) and integrating (small) changes with existing behaviours (Brown [2009]).
This massive environmental disaster affects approximately 5 million people (Kostianoy 2006; UNDP 2007; Micklin and Aladin 2008), and every second female suffered from inflammation of the gastroenteric of the vulva, vagina as disbiosis and bacterial vaginosis in the Aral Sea region (Elpiner 1999; Alieva 2008).
Policy and legislation are essential components of risk reduction strategies, but it has been found that the most successful results are achieved through community involvement and work at the local level (e.g. Cronin et al. [2004]; UNDP [2004]; Mercer et al. [2010]; Kelman and Mather [2008]).
In summary, well-managed extensive livestock production on communal land is one of the most appropriate uses of the drylands in Africa (Behnke et al. 1993; Scoones 1993; ILRI 2006; UNDP 2006; Neely et al. 2009), both from an ecological and an economic standpoint.
