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From the perspective of tsunami disaster management, these tsunamis are designated as Level 1 tsunamis and are the basis for the design of coastal protection facilities.
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Fig. 1 Tsunami warnings/advisories issued at 14 49 of March 11.
In urban area 1, tsunami inundation is more complex.
Seawalls will thereafter be designed on the basis of the level 1 tsunami.
The wave height of a Level 2 tsunami would be 1 20 m higher than that of a Level 1 tsunami for all areas in Shizuoka Prefecture (Fig. 5).
Level 1 tsunami events are caused mainly by Mw 8 class earthquakes.
In the last century alone, earthquakes around the Pacific rim produced over 400 tsunamis in this way resulting in the loss of over 50,000 lives.
Historically, in Taiwan, 18 tsunamis are reported to have struck the east of the island.
In 2012, the government also presented 11 cases of the wave heights of Level 2 tsunamis (Fig. 4).
More than 300 tsunamis have been recorded in the last 3300 years, with volcanic activity known to have triggered a dozen in the last 2 millennia.
Besides earthquakes, around 30 tsunamis have been reported by Altınok et al. (Natural Hazards Earth System Science 11 273 293, 2011) in the Marmara Sea.
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