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If both states are occupied by electrons, the n = 1 shell is filled or closed.
If a third electron and proton pair is added to make a lithium atom, the electron cannot occupy the n = 1 shell.
With the n = 1 shell complete, the third electron of lithium must enter an orbital of the next higher shell, that with n = 2.
With the Pauli exclusion principle in mind, one can see that in helium the 1s orbital (and hence the entire n = 1 shell, for that shell consists of only a single orbital) is full.
The inner n = 1 shell is relatively stable and remains inert in chemical processes while the chemical and spectroscopic behaviour of this atom is similar in many ways to that of hydrogen, since lithium has one outer electron around a closed, tightly bound shell.
The two conferred and shared data as their work progressed, and Moseley framed his equation in terms of Bohr's theory by identifying the K series of X-rays with the most-bound shell in Bohr's theory, the N = 1 shell, and identifying the L series of X-rays with the next shell, N = 2.
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