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The magnitude of this effect was also examined using the floating absolute risk [19], [20] plotted on a log scale (equivalent to an Odds ratio, OR), which references the lowest frequency group as OR = 1 (referent group, lung cancer score ≤1) and compares each lung cancer score relative to the referent group (Figure 1b).
– Use more than 1 referent if possible.
Birth order was examined using two different categorical schemes: 1 (referent) versus ≥2; and 1 (referent), 2 to 4, and ≥5.
For the meta-analysis, we included 14 studies (13 case-control studies and one cohort) that used two birth order categories: 1 (referent) and ≥2.
Compared with subjects in quartile 1 (referent), the multivariate odds ratio for hyperuricemia among subjects in quartile 4 was 1.97 (95% confidence interval 1.44 2.70, P < 0.0001) for perfluorooctanoic acid and 1.48%95%5% confidence interval 0.99 2.22, P = 0.0433) for perfluorooctane sulfonate.
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Three pictures of each magnification were randomly taken for each sample (50,100 and 200 times referent to 50x, 100x and 200x respectively).
We then created three categorical variables, each of which had 3 levels that were coded as: [losses] 0 losses (referent), 1 loss, and 2+ losses; [injuries] 0 injuries (referent), 1-2 injuries, and 3+ injuries; [summary] 0 losses/injuries (referent), 1-2 losses/injuries, and 3-7 losses/injuries.
The reference groups for the HUI3 attributes are the same as in Table 2. 1 Referent = no chronic condition.
Aluminium has been measured in the hands of 18 referent subjects and six aluminium welders using the technique of in vivo neutron activation analysis.
The authors also created four categories across the range of Mental Health Index scores: 0-52, 53-75, 76-85, and 86-100 (referent).
Four hundred and seventy oldest old subjects (82 males aged 100 110 years and 388 females, aged 100 116 years) and 538 referent cohort subjects (randomly selected Japanese subjects, aged 19 89 years) constituted the Japanese association study.
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