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Fig. 1 Rainfall map of Australia (area for 1000 mm annual rainfall = 472,326 sq km; area for 600 1000 mm average annual rainfall = 711,765 sq km).
Farmers in the three project sites concurred on the following; (1) rainfall had declined and become more erratic both in intensity and spatial (2) temperature was on positive trend, frequent and prolonged droughts threatened agriculture livestock productivity (3) wind direction was increasingly unpredictable and affected rainfall distribution or its failure altogether (Table 1).
The weather conditions for each site are shown in Figure 1 (rainfall, pan evaporation, maximum and minimum temperature) during the crop growing period at three locations in the different seasons.
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3. Rainfall The slow forward movement of Isaac is also likely to produce rain in quantities comparable to Katrina.
The country receives less than 100mm rainfall a year, and much of that is lost to evaporation because of extreme heat.
Field experimental plots (5 m × 2 m) with a slope of approximately 25° were constructed and simulated rainfall (60 mm hr−1) (Rainfall) and simulated rainfall combined with upslope overland flow (20 L min−1) (Rainfall + Flow) were applied.
However, in our laboratory tests, the artificial macropore did not function effectively at 80 mm · h−1 rainfall levels, which are occurring with increasing frequency these days.
In another wind tunnel, we tested the sensors at the three wind speeds using Kootwijkerzand drift sand with a median diameter of 299 μm and also with a simulated 100 mm h−1 rainfall.
If one takes the 800 mm∙annum−1 rainfall boundary as reference, then about 7% of South Africa could potentially be covered by forest, but the actual forest cover is less than 0.1%.
Table 1 Souss-Massa plain: climatic mean values (INRA-CRRA Compact Meteo station 2013) Parameter Temperature (°C min) Temperature (°C max) Humidity (max %) Humidity (min %) Insolation (hrs year−1) Rainfall (mm year−1) Values 11.5 24.8 85 55 3600 173.
These results indicate that the generic allometric equations developed can be confidently applied across the Australian agricultural region with 250 850 mm year−1 rainfall to obtain accurate regional estimates of root biomass in the currently relatively young (<20 year old) environmental and mallee plantings.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com