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They confirm that, for Nd > 1, purging becomes increasingly efficient with increasing d values.
However, as long as Nd is well above 1, purging remains quite efficient despite linkage and, overall, neither the initial fitness decline nor the long-term fitness values are substantially affected by linkage, although the decline phase can last longer, and the minimum value attained for fitness can be smaller.
Thus, for Nd not much larger than 1, purging can be relatively efficient under free recombination but can become inefficient for shorter genomes, as illustrated for the medium- or long-term fitness decline in the cases with Nd = 2.5 (d = 0.25 for N = 10 or d = 0.05 for N = 50 in the upper right and lower left graphs in Figure 4, respectively).
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N2 purging works as an effective method to eliminate the concentration polarization caused by cathode "water flooding" phenomenon.
Later on, 20 mg of acrylamide was added after N2 purging for 30 min, and 15 mg of ammonium persulfate and 15 μL of TEMED were added to initiate polymerization under N2 purging at 30 °C for 12 h (Fig. 10).
On the contrary, the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B was obviously suppressed after the addition of AO and N2 purging.
To a two-necked oven dried round-bottomed flask, the required benzyl bromide (500 mg, 1 equivalent) and triethylphosphite (1 equivalent) were added with N2 purging.
Subsequently, 5 nm HfO2/10 nm TiO2/5 nm HfO2 stacking structures were deposited in turn on Pt- and TiN-coated Si substrates at 250 °C by thermal ALD using Hf[N(C2H5 CH3]4 (TEMAH), TiCl4, and H2O as the Hf, Ti, and O precursors, respectively, where one oxide cycle consisted of 0.1s metal source injection, 4s N2 purging, 0.1s H2O injection, and 4s N2 purging.
Dissolved oxygen was analyzed using the HACH dissolved oxygen test kit (HACH Company, Loveland, CO) in order to evaluate how completely the oxygen was removed by N2 purging.
Initially, all glassware was acid washed and dried, followed by N2 purging for a further 20 minutes in order to create an inert atmosphere.
Of the list of 138 purged voters that included Hardison, 92 were black and registered Democrats.
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