The three species, Bm, Bp and Bt, represent three states of ecological niche adaptation of Burkholderia: 1) obligate pathogen, 2) opportunistic pathogen, and 3) saprophyte, respectively.
Thus, the carrier model was hypothesized to represent a single transporter that permits substrate transport by either (1) obligate exchange or (2) nonobligate exchange with a facilitated transport component (mixed transport model).
The European Landscape Convention (2000) obligates its signatories to identify characteristic landscape features occurring within the territories of individual member states to assess their values, analyze the forces and pressures transforming them, and define landscape quality objectives (LQOs).
The European Landscape Convention (2000) obligates European Union countries to identify and implement landscape quality objectives (LQOs) understood as the specification of public expectations and preferences concerning the landscape of a given area, expressed by competent public authorities.
Both regions had an identical number of herbaceous species (208 species), 88 of which were obligate forest species in Boișoara, but only 51 obligate forest species were found at Hermannsberg.
Examples of in situ identifications of microorganisms by MALDI-TOF MS include plant invasive Rhizobia [95], obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens [96, 97], or Monilinia brown rot fungi [18].
Until 10 years ago, researchers had described just 21 obligate cave organisms from all of Southeast Asia, says Stefano Taiti, a cave biologist from the Institute of Ecosystem Study in Florence, Italy.
We performed a mutation analysis in 2 affected dogs, 2 obligate carriers and 2 control dogs.
A total of 20 cyclical parthenogenetic clones and 24 obligate parthenogenetic clones were analyzed.
In total, we detected 41 bird species, with greater total and obligate species richness in mixed-grass prairie (total = 38; obligate = 8) than switchgrass (total = 30; obligate = 7, Table 1).
