Moreover, we explored whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were involved in the changes of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded CcO subunits in the auditory cortex during aging.
Key among the former are the nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and NRF-2 [called GA repeat-binding protein (GABP) in the mouse], which control the expression of a large number of genes important for mitochondrial respiration and translation as well as mtDNA replication and transcription [6], [8].
Motif mutation studies in rats have indicated that nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), NRF-2 and Sp1 promote basal Tfam gene transcription.
Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and NRF-2 are the principal TFs associated with biogenesis.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) regulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
In general, a large number of nuclear genes are regulated by a small number of transcription factors such as nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and NRF-2.
PRC controls cytochrome c levels (29) and can induce mitochondrial biogenesis in HeLa cells via interaction with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1)/cAMP-response element-binding protein and NRF-2/GA-binding protein, respectively (27).
These factors included Evi-1, a murine myeloid leukaemia-associated transcription factor, tumor suppressor p53, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1) which related to energy consumption and apoptosis.
The group of TFs, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1), tumor suppressor P53 (p53), max, and c-Myc, are predicted which are known to be closely related to mediating apoptosis.
At least 30% of the GluN2B subunits can be transported from dendrites to synapses by KIF17, which is regulated by transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) [ 69, 73].
This is associated with reduced expression of PGC-1, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mTFA), which are key transcription factors required for mitochondrial biogenesis.
