Exact(20)
The developed assay, which was shown to be specific for T. spiralis, was then tested using fox muscle spiked with isolated larvae at the rate of 1 larva per gram (LPG) of muscle tissue, as this is the theoretical detection limit using the digest method, as well as 0.5 and 0.1 LPG.
It is estimated that only 1 larva in every 20,000 survives to the benthic phase.
Protein samples were made by homogenizing 1 larva per 150 µl of PBS (20 mM sodium phosphate and 130 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) plus protease inhibitor cocktail Phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF).
The swellings are typically due to 1 larva, occasionally due to 2 or more (8 ).
Three samples (0.3%), 1 larva and 2 nymphs, were positive by qPCR for RF organisms.
A. phagocytophilum was detected only in 1 larva of an I. ricinus tick (0.5%).
Similar(40)
(a) Larvae. 1 = 1 larvae in 150 μl of extraction buffer, 2 = 3 larvae in 150 μl of extraction buffer, 3 = 6 larvae in 150 μl of extraction buffer, and 4 = 12 larvae in 500 μl of extraction buffer.
At least 1 larvae per well was found infected.
If the environment is harsh, L2 larva can go through the Dauer larva stage instead of the L3 larva stage.
From the known larval equivalent in the final sample (e.g. 1 larva/4 µl), various amounts of the sample were loaded to give the larval equivalents shown on the figures (e.g. loading 2 µl would give 0.5 larva equivalent).
The host-to-tick transmission coefficient (βH T) is defined as the portion of the sum of individual infectivities and the number of lizards that infected >1 larva (βH T = ΣiS/niS (ni is the number of individual hosts that gave rise to at least 1 infected tick).
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