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Supplementary Figure 1 Hypha that were induced by the chk1-hyp mutation become more resistant to washing when grown on EMM-2 agar media.
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Toxin expression was confirmed in MaVipT31 hyphae and conidia using Western blotting.
The T-E5 hyphae densely covering the cucumber root surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
(D) Calcofluor white (CFW) staining of A. nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae after NFAP treatment for 30 min at 37°C.
(B) Propidium iodide (PI) staining of A. nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae after NFAP treatment for 16 h at 37°C.
(B) Propidium iodide (PI) staining of Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae after 25 µg/mL NFAP treatment for 90 min at 37°C.
(A) Viability staining of Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae with FUN-1 dye after NFAP treatment for 30 min at 37°C.
After two months of inoculation, S1 and S3 hyphae had spread over the root surfaces, invaded the cortical cells, and colonized the intracellular spaces of the roots of the inoculated seedlings (Figure 2A, B, E).
(A) Indirect immunofluorescence staining of Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae with rat anti-NFAP serum and FITC-conjugated swine anti-rat IgG, after NFAP treatment for 16 h at 37°C.
Most of the A. nidulans FGSC A4 hyphae did not show any red fluorescence after a 30- and 60-min-long incubation in the presence of NFAP (data not shown).
FM145 displayed about threefold decrease (2.9±0.3 based on at least 100 hyphae) in autofluorescence in the green channel (Figure 1a) and more than fivefold (6.9±1.3) in the red channel (Figure 1b).
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