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If the thyroid exhibits underactivity (myxedema, hypothyroidism), there is a predominance of type 1 fibres and sometimes a decrease in type 2 fibre size.
If the thyroid gland is overactive (thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism), there is muscle wasting of both type 1 fibres (oxidative-rich fibres responsible for endurance) and type 2 fibres (glycogen-rich fibres responsible for rapid sprint-type muscle contraction).
Based on observations from consecutive muscle biopsies done in the same patient, a substitution of type 2 to type 1 fibres has been suggested to occur with increasing age [ 19, 24].
Slow contracting type 1 fibres were shown to occur to a larger extent in myalgic compared to healthy muscle (Kadi et al. 1998b; Lindman et al. 1991; Andersen et al. 2008c).
Muscles undergoing slow but continuous contractions such as various postural muscles, are characterized by predominance of slow twitch oxidative fibres (type 1 fibres), while muscles requiring rapid contraction generating substantial force such as some locomotory muscles, have a greater proportion of fast twitch glycolytic fibres (type IIb fibres).
Recently, we showed that in rat and human skeletal muscle, PLIN5 protein content paralleled the LD content, with most abundant expression in muscle fibres that have highest fat content (type 1 fibres in humans, type 2a in rodents) (Minnaard et al. 2009).
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Overall, fibre tracking was automatically terminated if one of three conditions was met: 1) fibre length > 100 mm; 2) FA threshold < 0.1; 3) fibre angle > 10°/step.
Unadjusted IGF-1 was positively associated with type 1 fibre size (r = 0.626, P = 0.005) and type 2 fibre size (r = 0.598, P = 0.009).
When IGF-1 was age-adjusted it remained associated with type 1 fibre size (P = 0.005) and type 2 fibre size (P = 0.012) (Table 5).
ATPase techniques showed type 1 fibre predominance in P6, and P8.
The measured surface area of the PIM-1 fibres was remarkably consistent with the theoretical value, while the measured surface area and octane uptake for PES fibres were ∼10% lower than the theoretical values, indicating some blockage of the adsorbent by the polymer matrix.
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