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It is argued that the channel of enhanced conductivity, formed in the auroral oval owing to intense auroral particle precipitation, strongly improves the conditions for closure of the Region 1 field-aligned currents in the winter dark polar region but only trivially affects the conditions of the Region 1 FAC closure in the summer sunlit ionosphere.
At the same time, the region 1 FAC remained at I R1 ≈ 1.0 MA, while U PC decreased by a factor of two.
These give: (1) the values of the ionospheric cross polar cap (PC) potential drop along the dawn-dusk meridian U PC, (2) the PC area S, and (3) the region 1 FAC intensity I R1 at all MLT sectors.
However, the induced EMF U i = − dΨ 1/dt enhances the existing (pre-onset) potential drop in the tail, thereby creating the inductive current that flows toward the ionosphere as the region 1 FAC.
From the MIT output, we determine the major parameters for a simplified magnetosphere-ionosphere electrical circuit, i.e., the magnetic flux through the polar cap Ψ, the cross polar cap potential drop U PC, and the region 1 FAC intensity.
From top to bottom: IMF B Z, the AE index, the variable polar cap magnetic flux Ψ 1, the cross polar cap potential drop U PC, and the region 1 FAC intensity I R1 vs. UT.
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By adding FACs to wounds and by removing them from OS, we show that FACs are the elicitors of the systemic JA response; however, FACs themselves appeared not to be the systemic signal, given that 1) FACs are quickly degraded after entering plant tissue [ 44], and 2) inoculating FACs into local tissue did not elicit JA responses in distal leaves.
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The 77 "fac brats," as they call themselves, their spouses and their children ate hot dogs and corn on the familiar school lawn.
We suppose that the generation of polarization field can be associated with the development of the region 2 FAC during the intensification of magnetospheric convection.
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