Stochastic optimal stopping models are useful mathematical tools for analyzing decision-making processes in the fields of financial [1, 2], environment [3, 4], and ecology [5 7].
For example, mathematical models involving stochastic processes arise in physiology [4 7], ecology [8 10], and genetic regulatory systems [11 13].
Even within the philosophy of biology, ecology has received little attention compared to other sub-disciplines of biology, especially evolution, and, lately, development.[100] Ecology deserves better.
Hence, HMCs have successfully been applied in signal and image processing [1 3], biosciences [4], econometrics and finance [5], ecology [6], and communications [3].
KDE is the most widely used NPDE techniques in data analysis and has applications in geography [29], ecology [30] and other fields.
The stable hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes of body water have been used as tracers of movement and migration in the fields of anthropology [1], [2], ecology [3], [4], and forensics [5].
Various investigators have taken advantage of this non-restrictive property by applying lacunarity analysis to imagery in a number of diverse fields including geology [11], ecology [12], radiology [13] and dermatology [14].
Yet, literature surveys and meta-analyses have extensively documented an excess of positive and/or statistically significant results in fields and subfields of, for example, biomedicine [13], biology [14], ecology and evolution [15], psychology [16], economics [17], sociology [18].
Subsequent studies addressed the distribution [ 6], ecology [ 7- 9], and physiological properties [ 10- 12] of these species.
We used mice because they are lightweight, are skilled climbers and have a naturally 3D ecology.
Correlation networks are widely used to explore and visualize high-dimensional data, for instance in finance [ 1- 3], ecology [ 4], gene expression analysis [ 5, 6], or metabolomics [ 7].
