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Gupta et al. [19] summarized three properties exhibited by CSCs in vitro: (1) CSCs can be isolated by distinctive surface markers; (2) CSCs can form tumor spheres in suspension culture; and (3) CSCs are much more chemoresisitant and invasive than other tumor cells.
ALDH: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; CSCs: Cancer stem cells; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; ITS: Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium; MFE: Mammosphere forming efficiency; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; NOD-SCID mice: Non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice; PTs: Phyllodes tumors; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta.
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A recent study showed that transcription factor Oct1 directly regulates ABC transporter genes Abcg2, Abcb1 and Abcb4 in CSCs [38].
Briefly, SQ20B CSCs were isolated on their Hoechst dye-excluding property and the expression of the cell surface marker CD44.
In addition, the expression of CD133pos CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was shown to confer chemoresistance in vitro [14].
As an antibody, we employed the mAb AC133, which is commercially available and is widely used for enrichment and isolation of CD133+ CSCs [13].
Mammospheres formation depends on CSCs, and growth of breast cancer cells in this assay results in an enrichment of Oct-4+ CSCs [35].
Our long-term goal is to develop antibody-based probes and methods for the noninvasive imaging of CSCs in vivo, specifically of CD133+ CSCs.
We produced clones of high and low expressing GATA-4 CSCs from long-term bulk-cultured c-kitpos CSCs isolated from adult rat hearts.
A single systemic injection of scL-Cy5-ODN resulted in an uptake efficiency of approximately 14% in both CD133+ CSCs and SSEA-1+ CSCs.
CD44+CD24+ESA+ CSCs formed spheroid in CSC medium × 200 magnification.
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