Birth attendants and pregnancy outcomes were compared in 1) communities with good access to trained TBAs, 2) randomly selected, comparable communities with no access to trained TBAs, and 3) communities with good access to functioning maternities.
As shown in Table 1, communities identified for Portugal show significantly higher similarity (as much as 28% higher clustering coefficients) to administrative boundaries, in comparison to that of the Ivory Coast.
Reliable data for type 1 communities were not available Achievements of the government-run community forestry development program, the Program for Communities and Forest Management PROCYMAFF), have also not been equivalent in the two states.
Student participants (n = 403) were recruited from multicultural comprehensive government high schools (n = 6) in the Sydney metropolitan (n = 5) and regional (n = 1) communities of New South Wales, Australia.
After adjustment for potential confounding factors Table 4 demonstrates an odds ratio of 3.17 (95% CI 1.45- 6.95) for perinatal mortality for births from level 1 communities (> than 4 hours from intrapartum services).
Our analysis revealed two additional reasons why Wenger's concept often lacks clarity: 1) communities of practice are equated with natural phenomena, like plants, when in fact they are human constructions; and 2) communities of practice are claimed to populate all domains of social experience.
