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The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) nucleotide sequences of 29 B. pulchra, 157 skates and rays reported in GenBank DNA database were comparatively analyzed and the COI sequences specific to B. pulchra was identified.
We targeted two genetic markers: (1) the standard Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcoding region, which has repeatedly been shown to be taxonomically informative in species delimitation88,89; and (2) the nuclear 28S gene for a subset of terminals representing all sampled species.
Here, we report on a new group-specific primer pair for earthworms designed from cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) sequences of 11 earthworm species found in Central Europe that can be used to detect consumption of earthworms by invertebrate predators.
In the present study, the systematic affinities among acontine taxa are explored with the utility of partial sequence data from two mitochondrial gene loci (16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI)) for all taxa, while two additional loci (12S rRNA, cytochrome b) were used to investigate relationships within the Acontias meleagris complex.
DNA barcoding strives to identify all species using nucleotide sequences from a homologous fragment of one mitochondrial DNA gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI).
The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (COI) gene is one of the most popular markers for population genetic and phylogeographic studies across the animal kingdom [16].
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Sequence alignment in fasta format for each marker (16S, cytb, COI, BRCA1, STAT5A, HDAC2 and RIOK3) used in this study.
Previously, amplification of pseudogenes in Triatominae was reported for ND1, ND2, and COI 63 and is herein reported for Cytb.
This initial period of westerly migration would have been intermittently interrupted by Pleistocene glaciation resulting in vicariant population isolation [ 6, 14, 16], which should leave a signature in variable molecular markers such as the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI-5P) as has been observed in marine invertebrate groups (e.g., [ 17, 18]).
Among all the taxa, pairwise sequence divergence of Cytb varies from 0 to 28.2%, COI from 0 to 23.1%, and EF1-α from 0 to 18.6%.
To do so, the following primers were selected: L1490 & H2198 for COI [ 28] and UCYTB151F & UCYTB270R for CytB [ 29].
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