Forty-eight healthy pigs (Duroc × landrace × yorkshire, male) of approximately 14 kg body weight were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 16 in each group): a control group (0 CLA), a 1% CLA group, and a 2% CLA group, and their feed was supplemented with the corresponding level of a CLA mixture (c9, t11-CLA: t10, c12-CLA = 1 1, purchased from Aohai Biotechnology Co, Ltd. Qingdao, China).
The bacterial strains were able to produce different CLA isomers, such as cis 9, trans 11 CLA, trans 10, cis 12 CLA and trans 9, trans 11 CLA; among them, cis 9, trans 11 CLA (rumenic acid) was the most abundant isomer, accounting for more than 80% of the total CLA in all cases (Table 2).
Cheese contains conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) 29 and a CLA isomer (t10, c12 CLA) has been shown to suppress Delta9, Delta6 and Delta5 desaturases in HepG2 cells.
This method enables us to produce the highest concentration of CLA isomers with a mixture of two bioactive isomers including cis-9, trans-11 CLA (0.38 mg ml−1) and trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0.42 mg ml−1) from 8 mg ml−1 sunflower oil.
CLA 216, CLA 217, CLA 218, and CLA 219 do not satisfy the 200-level prerequisite but will count as departmental courses.
No other effects of c9,t11 CLA were observed.
Milk fat content of trans-10, cis-12 CLA was 0.03, 0.09, and 0.19 g/100 g of fatty acids for the control, CLA-1, and CLA-2 treatments, respectively.
Treatments consisted of intravenous infusions of 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/d CLA (>95% trans-10, cis-12 CLA).
Thirty Alpine does were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups and fed diets with lipid-encapsulated CLA that provided trans-10, cis-12 CLA at 0 (control), 3 (CLA-1), and 6 g/d (CLA-2).
The lipid-encapsulated CLA supplement provided 12 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA.
With infusion of PHVO, cis-9, trans-11 CLA was increased by 17% in milk fat.
