Under the optimal conditions, the linear range and limit of detection (LOD) of the QCM immunosensor were 1.0⿿15 ng mL⿿1 and 0.86 ng mL⿿1 CEA without external magnetic field, and 0.05⿿10 ng mL⿿1 and 0.013 ng mL⿿1 CEA in the presence of magnetic field, respectively.
Such units are being commissioned in the capacity of 660 and 800 MW (CEA 2013a, b).
They were negative for TTF-1, WT1, calretinin, cytokeratin (CK 5/6, CK7, CK20, HBME-1, CEA, and CD34.
This immunosensor shows a linear response from 0.10 to 2.0 pg mL−1 CEA with an improved detection limit of 0.05 pg mL−1 as compared to the conventional immunoassay.
The dynamic concentration range spanned from 0.001 ng mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 CEA with a detection limit of 1.0 pg mL−1 at the 3Sblank level.
Under optimal conditions, the Pt@Au-based immunoassay displayed a wide working range from 0.001 to 120 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit of 0.5 pg mL−1 CEA at 3sB.
Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a wide dynamic range of 0.005 50 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit (LOD) of 1.0 pg mL−1 CEA (at 3σ).
'Cancer/Testis' antigens, e.g. MAGE, NY-ESO-1, CT-7; differentiation antigens, e.g. NY-BR-1, CEA; overexpressed antigens, e.g. p53, HER2/neu, MUC-1, LewisX; and mutational antigens, e.g. p53, represent potential targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 4.3%, 8.6%, and 6.2% at 0.05, 10, and 40 ng mL−1 CEA, respectively, while the inter-assay CVs were 7.6%, 10.5%, and 8.9% at the above-mentioned levels, respectively.
Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for D2-40, BCL-2, CD99, and p53; they were negative for TTF-1, WT1, calretinin, cytokeratin (CK 5/6, CK7, CK20, HBME-1, CEA, and CD34.
