Sentence examples for * tdo in from inspiring English sources

Cortisol produced by the adrenal glands activates tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the liver, thus increasing kynurenine synthesis [ 47- 49].

A detailed account of evidence against the Trp starvation concept led Moffett and Namboodiri [ 76] to propose a Trp utilization concept as a comprehensive theory of immune-related IDO induction, with particular emphasis on the role of QA in NAD+ synthesis and the tissue distribution of IDO and TDO in health and infectious disease.

Thus, the observed association between kynurenine metabolism (KYN/TRP) and neopterin concentrations throughout the study in both groups suggests an involvement of enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) rather than liver enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the alterations of kynurenine concentrations.

Nagendra et al. (1993) reported no changes in liver Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) nor in extrahepatic indol-3-ylamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activities in DS-treated rats.

Human liver TDO (assessed in biopsy specimens) is inducible by cortisol [ 47] and although maternal plasma cortisol also rises in late pregnancy [ 42], the absence of a decrease in free [Trp] suggests that TDO activity is not elevated, possibly because of a potential inhibition by progesterone and oestrogens.

It is not clear if these concentrations could be reached in vivo in localized compartments even if IDO or TDO is induced in the absence of an increase in Trp availability and hence flux down the KP, which can occur either through exogenous Trp loading or by endogenous mechanisms.

More than 90%% of tryptophan is catabolised to kynurenine, mainly in the liver by the tryptophan specific enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), but also in lungs, kidneys, spleen, placenta and blood by the enzyme indole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) [ 9].

The TDO haem saturation in these species is therefore ∼0.5 as a ratio or ∼50% as a percentage.

A recent study demonstrated that the tryptophan catabolism enzyme TDO is overexpressed in human brain tumors, and elevated secretion of kynurenine promotes cell migration via an AhR-dependent pathway [ 25].

In a study with monocytes [ 91], the [Trp] in the medium was 490 μM, a concentration similar to that used in a study [ 112] demonstrating the ability of Trp to block the anti-microbial effects of recombinant TDO protein expressed in HeLa cells.

Under basal conditions in mammals, Trp catabolism is mediated by tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) activation - mainly in the liver - which is controlled by GCs [22], [27].