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The Shannon entropy of a PPP pair PPP i is defined as x → where x i = H ( PPP i ) = − ∑ l = 1 d p (PPP i ( l )) log b p ( PPP i ( l ) ) (11).
According to the PPP US$ rate, PPP US$1 has the same purchasing power in another domestic economy as one dollar has in the United States.
First, three PPP models, particularly the triple-frequency PPP model using uncombined observations, are derived.
Without internal legitimacy given to the formulation of PPP, there are no prerequisites for PPP [ 20].
Now the PPP risks disbandment.
Meanwhile, the PPP is growing stronger.
In China, the PPP estimates are biased.
The PPP is an obstacle to that.
How will PPP work in practice?
Opponents of the PPP question both aims.
The PPP balked, and dropped its proposal.
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