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We introduce the concept of 'farmer-managed aquatic systems' (FMAS) to capture the diversity of these resource systems at the interface of aquaculture and capture fisheries and characterize FMAS in contrasting agro-ecosystems of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.
macrophylla (FMAs) and H. brasiliensis D.
Most FMAs set out or tolerate certain political finessing.
Functionalized magnetic adsorbents (FMAs) – – – – – – – (Wang et al. 2014b).
Nonetheless, SRS production per area of FMAS was comparable in the three countries.
Contrasting FMAS characteristics in different study areas reflect underlying differences in agro-ecosystems, aquaculture technologies, farmer livelihoods and markets.
Cambodian and Thai FMAS yielded primarily self-recruiting species (SRS) and were managed to allow or attract them, while Vietnamese FMAS were managed more intensively to produce mostly hatchery-reared species.
We characterize the diversity of aquatic resources harvested from such Farmer Managed Aquatic Systems (FMAS) and evaluate the effectiveness of management practices within contrasting FMAS in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.
In contrast, less than half of Vietnamese farming households harvested SRS and very few undertook FMAS management specifically for them.
Vietnamese FMAS were intensively stocked and managed as aquaculture systems, with SRS accounting for less than 30% of production.
Two detailed FMAs are given, one is in a sphere world and the other is in discretized form.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com