Exact(60)
Differential item functioning (DIF): DIF was tested in reference to age, gender and education.
Conversely, false positives refer to flagging of items as exhibiting DIF when DIF was not simulated, which is also referred to as incorrect DIF detection.
* Non-uniform DIF; † After deleting item 1, DIF for item 12 was not statistically significant.
* Items excluded after DIF analysis.
Standard DIF analysis with the purified conditioning variable flagged the same items with significant DIF as the DIF analysis with no purified conditioning variable.
Commonly examined types of DIF are DIF across gender and age [ 22].
The CEB-FIP equation generally underestimates the DIF for critical strain (DIF-εc1), but overestimates the DIF for elastic modulus (DIF-E) for the high-strength concretes.
Ten items showed gender DIF, and 17 items showed health DIF for the total sample.
Two items showed gender DIF, and seven items showed health DIF for the total sample.
Six items showed gender DIF, and four items showed health DIF for the total sample.
Questions showing DIF were calibrated separately for each of the groups showing DIF and after DIF correction final GRMs were calculated.
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